Hargobind Gupta

Sure. So my name is Arkubin Gupta, and, I started my career, from 2014 onwards. I graduated in 2014, then I joined Accenture. Worked there for around 1 and a half years, of in an application called like, it was an invoice management application and built on Python And Django, I worked there for 1 and a half year. After that, I started, Venture into gaming, the product name was ZaiBot. And me and my school friends, we started this company. Company, back then in 2017 onwards. 2016, 2017. And, it was basically to gamify or or to bring, you know, game developers, game owners and users onto a same platform and incentivize them with an ERC 20 token. So back then I knew about, you know, blockchain, and it was interesting. I got into details into Ethereum and all and, started this. Fast forward to today, I have, been into the blockchain ecosystem for a while now. I have seen, you know, 1017, 18, cycles. And, mostly, I've been working into the Ethereum EVM chain ecosystem. I have done couple of POCs on Hyperledger Fabric and, multiple other you know, private blockchains like Quorum, Damel, r 3codam, whatnot. And but most of my attention was into solidity and, the the EVM chains. And, again, like, in my recent years, recent past, I have mainly focused on solidity. And, my major roles would be, you know, in in my recent years of experience, I've been mainly on the architect role or a senior developer, solidity focused role or a CTO role wherein been architecting the entire app and, working on the smart contract. I am I had team working on front end and back end and integrations. So most of my experiences are into Solidity and architecting blockchain, researching the new technologies, what's coming in, coming out, in the, you know, new in this space. And, recently, I've been also, you know, started learning more about LLMs and AI and all those space. So, yeah, currently, I'm sick. That's why I'm sounding like this. I've been sick for a while. Hopefully, I'm feel better. This this week. Yeah. Thanks.

Okay. Uh, to optimize gas usage in solidity function solidity function that handles array manipulation. Okay. So first of all, storing data and blockchain is, um, gas extensive. Right? So we should not store unless it's needed. And if it is an area, we should have different functions to read from that area and write onto that area. And, uh, instead of, you know, going through the loop to iterate or to find anything on that area, we should maintain a counter that links to that area somehow, uh, like using indexes. So instead of iterating to that area area and getting that number or pushing to that number, we should maintain, um, index counter, and that should optimize the gas cost.

Can we can you discuss Alternate withdrawal of funds from a smart contract manipulate benefit multiple benefits reason. Okay. So, um, I understand this is more of a airdrop contract. So I have, uh, worked on airdrop contracts wherein, you know, we can write functions to, um, like, a single person or the owner of the contract can disperse. Click on a function called disperse. And this disperse functions will basically call out, um, ERC functions, like ERC 20 transfer functions to transfer the funds to multiple beneficiaries. And, uh, like, this will be individual transfers. There won't be, like, bulk transfers in, like, the transfers will be individually done, but it will be called in looping to the functions into the disperse functions. I hope I'm getting the questions right.

Can you elaborate in designing a liquidity pool smart contract for an associate? A critical smart contract and the associated calculations for implementing an automated market maker algorithm. Okay. So liquidity pools, smart contracts um, are basically a pool. Suppose there are 2 buckets, and, um, when in where we are providing liquidity for 2 tokens, token a and token b. So token a's amount, uh, uh, should be equivalent to token token v amounts. So in terms of dollar value and, uh, this is how, like, all major, um, liquidity pool works, like Uniswap and Sosyswap and none. And, uh, it has an AMM algorithm Automated Market Maker. I can't remember the name of the function, but, yeah, we have an, um, function to, you know, to calculate how much a value of a token will increase if there is a swap. So, initially, when liquidity pool is set up, you provide 50 50 percent of dollar amount value of both the tokens. And then when, uh, swap starts, like when one token is withdrawn, the the another token value will increase, right, and, uh, vice versa. So this is how AMM works. The underlying formula is, um, like, mathematical formula. I I don't have, like, um, that is something we need to calculate and write. Uh, as of now, I won't be able to answer give you the exact formula. But yeah. And I I have worked on, um, like, coding smart contracts of, uh, Humiswap built, um, the entire app on, uh, Polygon.

What factor would you consider when selecting a consensus mechanism from a private blockchain network? Okay. So first of all, consensus mechanism, uh, should be not centralized. Uh, the mechanism should be implemented in such a way that this is more decentralized in all the nodes of a private blockchain network. Depending upon the use case, whether there needs to be an approval mechanism or it is all decentralized, we need to choose the consensus mechanism. And, uh, there is a major problem which, uh, consensus, you know, any consensus mechanism needs to solve, which is, um, by general principle, um, problem. And, uh, it is basically to solve a problem in such a way where, Okay. Consensus mechanism for a private blockchain network. If it is concerns I mean, for a private blockchain network like Hyperledger Fabric or Quorum, I don't think proof of work is required. Like, PBFT and um, proof of stake should be enough. But, yeah, I'm not sure about why we are choosing that.

Right. So the React front end, um, how do you tell about React front end? So I I don't have much experience on the front end side, but I know that, you know, we can use any, uh, JavaScript based technology with either Ether. Js or Web 3. Js or, uh, use TAP to connect to, you know, smart contract and integrate integrate the, uh, contract and read transactions or read functions from the contract or events.

It's a snake for the smart contract. Even deposit and send an amount and deposit. The definition of event is correct. Uh, event deposit interest sender and amount. Function make deposit public payable. There is no implementation of that. We are just emitting a deposit event saying that message dot sender has deposited message dot value, but we are not capturing that message dot value or using that. Right? Yeah. So I believe this is the mistake.

Describe what the function is intended to do and So as I said, I have not much experience with the front end and, like, the integration part. So I am not I won't be able to answer this.

Design a prototype for decentralized voting system using smartphones, and that may minimize the risk of vote. It's a voter fraud and manipulation. Designed approved to call for a cryptographically Okay. So we can create a smart contract to do this, and every vote can be casted as a signature. Um, so suppose I I can create for example, I am creating a vote for, um, any proposal. Right? Like, whether this proposal should go live or not. And after creating the proposal, um, I have some kind of number at Asteroid. Like, if I receive 10 votes, this should get implemented. So in that, the function to cast a vote like, there should be a function to cast a vote, and that function should receive, uh, message dot sig like, uh, signature from this message dot sender, like, whosoever is casting a vote so that the signature, um, will be saved in like, that won't cost gas to the individual, but we can save this in the back end, uh, in off chain DB. And he used that information to validate whether, you know, the sender is actually in the message. Sender or not. So the signature can be proven whether the voter has signed once or multiple times so we can, um, avoid misuse of that voting rights. So using an ERC 721, um, um, not sorry. ERC 712 mechanism, uh, using signatures, we can solve this problem.

Okay. So, generally, I I monitor the gas prices in, um, either gas station to get to know the, you know, current gas price, and then I calculate whether is it a good time to deploy a contract or not while going live for some of the projects. And, uh, for others, like, if you are looking for something which is in the pending state, uh, we can always query a mempool, you know, to get the current transaction details.

The process of developing a custom Ethereum token and the consideration of ensuring compliance with existing ERC standard. It was through the process of developing a custom Ethereum token. Okay. And the consideration for ensuring compliance with existing user friendly standard. So I believe you're talking about, um, ERC 20 standards and how to deploy it. So, generally, I use OpenZeppelin's, uh, contract to deploy ERC 20 standard tokens and to deploy a custom Ethereum token, uh, custom Ethereum token. And so, basically, I'll, uh, inherit in the ERC 20 standards and then start making changes if there is any custom need for it.